Rs), 475 mg (6?2 years) and 950 mg (>12 years) G1: Supplementation prior to conception, in lactation and by injection; G2: Supplementation in 4?th month of fetal life, in lactation and by injection Severe ID area (order VER-52296 Goiter 53 ?0 ) [59] Ramirez et al., Ecuador [61] Comparative post only Treatment cluster (G1) vs. control cluster (Gc) PW Single dose of 950 mg Iodine [59] Severe ID area (Goiter 53 ?0 ) [59] n = 227 G1 (n = 72) Gc (n = 155) 9, 13 and 18 months UIE, T4, TI, PBI, BEI, BII [59] Gesell BLU-554 chemical information Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) 0 G1 (92.77) = Gc (89) [62] n = 216 G1 (n = 63) Gc1(n = 63) G2 (n = 40) Gc2 (n = 50) 3? years Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) Stanford-Binet + G1 (83.66 ?3.4) > Gc1 (72.74 ?4.0) ** G2 (71.72 ?4.6) = Gc2 (69.16 ?3.3) G1 (83.66 ?3.4) vs. G2 (71.72 ?4.6) n = 150 G1 (n = 41) Gc1(n = 50) G2 (n = 26) Gc2 (n = 33) 41?0 months Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) Stanford-Binet + G1 (80.1) > Gc1 (70.1) * G2 (67.0) = Gc2 (70.1) G1 (80.1) > G2 (67.0) *0.66 (0.23, 1.09) -0.20 (-0.73, 0.32) 0.86 (0.34, 1.39)0.81 (0.45, 1.19) 0.18 (-0.24, 0.60) 0.79 (0.37, 1.21)0.25 (-0.03, 0.53)Nutrients 2013, 5 Table 1. Cont.Ramirez et al., Comparative post only Ecuador [46] Treatment cluster (G1) vs. control cluster (Gc) W and PW (0th?th month) Single dose of 950 mg Iodine Severe ID area (Goiter 53 ?0 ) [59] Trowbridge, Ecuador [63] Comparative post only Treatment cluster vs. control cluster (Gc) W, PW, and Infant Single dose of 950 mg Iodine [64] (G1 prior to conception; G2 during pregnancy), 95 mg Iodine (G3 between 0 and 9 months of age) Severe ID area (Goiter 53 ?0 ) [59] Velasco et al., Spain [65] Comparative post only Treatment group (G1) vs. control group (Gc) PW, postpartum W Daily dose of 300 iodine (KI) from 1st trimester through lactation Moderate ID area n = 125 G1 (n = 22) Gc1 (n = 24) G2 (n = 21) Gc2 (n = 23) G3 (n = 16) Gc3 (n = 19) n = 194 G1 (n = 133) Gc (n = 61) 3?8 months UIE, fT4, fT3, TSH, Tg Enrollment G1: 153?13 /L (UIE); 8.8?0.6 pmol/L (fT4) Gc: 87.6 (UIE); 9.0 pmol/L (fT4) Bayley-I 0 G1 (109.22 ?1.73) = Gc (108.9 ?3.41) 3? years n = 583 G1 (n = 183) Gc (n = 400) 3?0 months Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) Stanford-Binet 0 G1 (76.8) = Gc1 (72.4) G2 (72.3) = Gc2 (69.0) G3 (65.2) = Gc3 (69.9) G1 (76.8) > G3 (65.2) ** Gesell 0 G1 (89.7) vs. Gc (87.4) (Estimated)0.15 (-0.02, 0.33)0.29 (-0.31, 0.89) 0.22 (-0.40, 0.83) -0.31 (-1.00, 0.39)0.02 (-0.28, 0.33)Notes: RCT (Randomized controlled trial); Effect size d (Standardized mean difference, SMD); SD (standard deviation); ID (iodine deficiency); KI (Potassium iodide); PW (Pregnant women); W (women of child bearing age); G1, G2, …, Gc (Group 1, Group 2, …, Group control); UIE (Urinary iodine excretion); T4 or tT4 (Thyroxine); fT4 (free thyroxine); T3 or tT3 (triiodothyronine); tT3 (free triiodothyronine); TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone); Tg (Thyroglobuline); TBG (Thyroxine binding globulin); BII (Butanol insoluble iodine); TI (serum iodine); PBI (Protein-bound iodine); BEI (Butanol extractable iodine); Outcome: + significant group difference, 0 no significant group difference; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.Nutrients 2013, 5 Table 2. Cohort prospective studies.Rs), 475 mg (6?2 years) and 950 mg (>12 years) G1: Supplementation prior to conception, in lactation and by injection; G2: Supplementation in 4?th month of fetal life, in lactation and by injection Severe ID area (Goiter 53 ?0 ) [59] Ramirez et al., Ecuador [61] Comparative post only Treatment cluster (G1) vs. control cluster (Gc) PW Single dose of 950 mg Iodine [59] Severe ID area (Goiter 53 ?0 ) [59] n = 227 G1 (n = 72) Gc (n = 155) 9, 13 and 18 months UIE, T4, TI, PBI, BEI, BII [59] Gesell Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) 0 G1 (92.77) = Gc (89) [62] n = 216 G1 (n = 63) Gc1(n = 63) G2 (n = 40) Gc2 (n = 50) 3? years Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) Stanford-Binet + G1 (83.66 ?3.4) > Gc1 (72.74 ?4.0) ** G2 (71.72 ?4.6) = Gc2 (69.16 ?3.3) G1 (83.66 ?3.4) vs. G2 (71.72 ?4.6) n = 150 G1 (n = 41) Gc1(n = 50) G2 (n = 26) Gc2 (n = 33) 41?0 months Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) Stanford-Binet + G1 (80.1) > Gc1 (70.1) * G2 (67.0) = Gc2 (70.1) G1 (80.1) > G2 (67.0) *0.66 (0.23, 1.09) -0.20 (-0.73, 0.32) 0.86 (0.34, 1.39)0.81 (0.45, 1.19) 0.18 (-0.24, 0.60) 0.79 (0.37, 1.21)0.25 (-0.03, 0.53)Nutrients 2013, 5 Table 1. Cont.Ramirez et al., Comparative post only Ecuador [46] Treatment cluster (G1) vs. control cluster (Gc) W and PW (0th?th month) Single dose of 950 mg Iodine Severe ID area (Goiter 53 ?0 ) [59] Trowbridge, Ecuador [63] Comparative post only Treatment cluster vs. control cluster (Gc) W, PW, and Infant Single dose of 950 mg Iodine [64] (G1 prior to conception; G2 during pregnancy), 95 mg Iodine (G3 between 0 and 9 months of age) Severe ID area (Goiter 53 ?0 ) [59] Velasco et al., Spain [65] Comparative post only Treatment group (G1) vs. control group (Gc) PW, postpartum W Daily dose of 300 iodine (KI) from 1st trimester through lactation Moderate ID area n = 125 G1 (n = 22) Gc1 (n = 24) G2 (n = 21) Gc2 (n = 23) G3 (n = 16) Gc3 (n = 19) n = 194 G1 (n = 133) Gc (n = 61) 3?8 months UIE, fT4, fT3, TSH, Tg Enrollment G1: 153?13 /L (UIE); 8.8?0.6 pmol/L (fT4) Gc: 87.6 (UIE); 9.0 pmol/L (fT4) Bayley-I 0 G1 (109.22 ?1.73) = Gc (108.9 ?3.41) 3? years n = 583 G1 (n = 183) Gc (n = 400) 3?0 months Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) Enrollment [59] UIE: 0.37 /100 mL (Treatment cluster); 0.63 /100 mL (Control cluster) Stanford-Binet 0 G1 (76.8) = Gc1 (72.4) G2 (72.3) = Gc2 (69.0) G3 (65.2) = Gc3 (69.9) G1 (76.8) > G3 (65.2) ** Gesell 0 G1 (89.7) vs. Gc (87.4) (Estimated)0.15 (-0.02, 0.33)0.29 (-0.31, 0.89) 0.22 (-0.40, 0.83) -0.31 (-1.00, 0.39)0.02 (-0.28, 0.33)Notes: RCT (Randomized controlled trial); Effect size d (Standardized mean difference, SMD); SD (standard deviation); ID (iodine deficiency); KI (Potassium iodide); PW (Pregnant women); W (women of child bearing age); G1, G2, …, Gc (Group 1, Group 2, …, Group control); UIE (Urinary iodine excretion); T4 or tT4 (Thyroxine); fT4 (free thyroxine); T3 or tT3 (triiodothyronine); tT3 (free triiodothyronine); TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone); Tg (Thyroglobuline); TBG (Thyroxine binding globulin); BII (Butanol insoluble iodine); TI (serum iodine); PBI (Protein-bound iodine); BEI (Butanol extractable iodine); Outcome: + significant group difference, 0 no significant group difference; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.Nutrients 2013, 5 Table 2. Cohort prospective studies.