Dies have indicated the presence of genes for these peptides in Bothrops and Lachesis species,proteomic studies haven’t often been successful in isolating and identifying these peptides . The explanation for this discrepancy involving EST and proteomic findings has not been adequately addressed but one explanation may be associated with the occurrence of IR in these genes that may interfere with adequate gene transcription and or translation in vivo,thereby stopping toxin production. The origin of such IR transcripts is unclear. Theoretically,they may very well be artifacts generated by endtoendFollowing the initial report of gene expression analysis within the venom gland of B. insularis (,not too long ago updated by Valente et al. ),similar studies have been reported for other Bothrops species,such as B. atrox ,B. jararaca and B. jararacussu . The availability of information for numerous Bothrops species supplies an opportunity to examine connected species and draw some basic conclusions regarding venom composition within this genus. Few such transcriptomic comparisons are out there for other genera . To date,our study represents the largest EST database for Bothrops; the ,ESTs reported here considerably exceed those reported for B. atrox ,B. insularis (initially ,but updated to ,B. jararacaand B. jararacussu . We chose to create a larger database than those previously reported for Bothrops species in an attempt to determine novel genes as well as the principle toxin groups already recognized for this genus. Indeed,this larger database allowed the detection of genes for toxins suchCardoso et al. BMC Genomics ,: biomedcentralPage ofTable Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions within the B. alternatus venom gland cDNA libraryContig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Contig Length (bp) SNPs Jararhagin [Bothrops jararaca] Zinc metalloproteinasedisintegrin ACLD precursor [Gloydius brevicaudus] Zinc metalloproteinasedisintegrin precursor [Bothrops insularis] Protein disulfide isomerase precursor [Gallus gallus] ATP synthase F subunit [Agkistrodon piscivorus] Hypothetical K protein goldfish mitochondrion Predicted: hypothetical protein [Gallus gallus] Zinc metalloproteasedisintegrin halysase precursor [Gloydius halys] Ribosomal protein S [Homo sapiens] Comparable to ribosomal protein L [Monodelphis domestica] Phospholipase A BITPA precursor [Bothrops insularis] Unnamed protein product [Homo sapiens] Predicted: related to calmodulin [Mus musculus] Piscivorin precursor [Agkistrodon piscivorus] Zinc metalloproteinasedisintegrin precursor [Bothrops jararaca] Calreticulin [Gallus gallus] Predicted: related to PLCa,partial [Ornithorhynchus anatinus] Cytochrome oxidase subunit [Campephilus guatemalensis] Zinc metalloproteinasedisintegrin jararhagin precursor PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235096 [Bothrops jararaca] Predicted: related to U (RNU) small nuclear RNA [Pan troglodytes] 1st hitThe polymorphisms have been detected using the plan TrueSNP,together with the highest quantity being detected in genes associated with jararhagin from B. jararaca.as ohanin and FTx,previously identified in other snake genera but not in Bothrops,in addition to nonvenom proteins which include DUSP and thioredoxin. The generation of a large database for B. alternatus didn’t considerably alter the profile in the most common toxin groups (MedChemExpress RIP2 kinase inhibitor 1 metalloproteinases,BPPsCNPs,PLA,serine proteinases,Ctype lectins,development elements,etc.) when compared with other Bothrops species. This f.