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Sotiropoulos et al. Acta Neuropathologica Communications (2017) five:91 DOI ten.1186/s40478-017-0489-REVIEWOpen AccessAtypical, non-standard functions on the microtubule associated Tau proteinIoannis Sotiropoulos1,2* , Marie-Christine Galas3*, Joana M. Silva1,2, Efthimios Skoulakis4, Susanne Wegmann5, Mahmoud Bukar Maina6, David Blum3, Carmen Laura Sayas7, Eva-Maria Mandelkow8, Eckhard Mandelkow8, Maria Grazia Spillantini9, Nuno FGFR-1 alpha Protein web Sousa1,2, Jesus Avila10,11, Miguel PCDH1 Protein Human Medina12,13, Amrit Mudher14 and Luc BueeAbstract: Because the discovery on the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) more than 40 years ago, most studies have focused on Tau’s function in microtubule stability and regulation, too as around the neuropathological consequences of Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. In current years, on the other hand, analysis efforts identified new interaction partners and various sub-cellular localizations for Tau suggesting added roles beyond its regular function as microtubule regulating protein. Moreover, in spite of the growing analysis focus on AD more than the last decades, Tau was only lately viewed as as a promising therapeutic target for the therapy and prevention of AD at the same time as for neurological pathologies beyond AD e.g. epilepsy, excitotoxicity, and environmental strain. This evaluation will concentrate on atypical, non-standard roles of Tau on neuronal function and dysfunction in AD and other neurological pathologies providing novel insights about neuroplastic and neuropathological implications of Tau in both the central and also the peripheral nervous program. Keyword phrases: Tau, Alzheimer’s disease, Neuronal function, Pathology, Nucleus, Dendrites, Synapse, Subcellular localization, Tau isoformIntroduction Considering the increasing interest of diverse analysis fields around the role of Tau in brain function and pathology in and beyond Alzheimer’s disease (AD) along with the recent focus on Tau-based therapeutic techniques, the 1st EuroTau Meeting was organized in Lille, France on April 27 and 28 April 2017. The meeting attracted numerous clinical and standard Tau researchers throughout Europe providing a one of a kind forum to discuss and exchange tips and hypotheses. The meeting facilitated the integration with the diverse findings implicating Tau in neuronal physiology and pathology. Through the conference, a round table discussion was held to talk about the emerging a variety of atypical, non-standard functions of Tau protein within the sense of divergence from its cytoskeletal association and beyond AD since it is summarized in this review report.Atypical/non-standard functions of TauTau protein and brain pathology From previous to present* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Life and Well being Sciences Analysis Institute (ICVS), Healthcare School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal three Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, 59000 Lille, France Complete list of author info is availa.