H temperature grips may be employed. For our kind of experiments
H temperature grips is often employed. For our form of experiments, 23 on the sample ment, we applied distance bold U-Jacks. as a result the sample situations defining theand6 was case, a deformation control was utilized, The boundary couldn’t expand freely clamping copper high-temperature have been realized byexceeding the yield strength attemperature-stress cycle handle plastically deformed a strong cross-section as well as a a given temperature. stiffness grips with just after picking out the proper absolutely free length of the samplebetween the gripsmethod. In this case, a deformation control was of samplethe the Gleeble device of ten mm had been utilised. The own clamping utilised, therefore in sample could not expand freely Within the middle of deformed just after exceeding the yield strength at a givenwas is shown in Figure 4. and was plastically the testing sample, a manage thermocouple temperature. welded to handle the temperature cycle through feedback. For elimination on the sample movement, we employed distance bold U-Jacks. The boundary situations defining the clamping stiffness had been realized by choosing the acceptable temperature-stress cycle manage approach. Within this case, a deformation manage was employed, hence the sample couldn’t expand freely and was plastically deformed soon after exceeding the yield strength at a offered temperature.Figure 4. Clamping the square cross-section sample within the Gleeble 3500 device. Figure four. Clamping ofof the square cross-section sample in the Gleeble 3500 device.The X-ray device PROTO iXRD COMBO (Proto Manufacturing Inc., Ontario, Canada) was utilized to measure the residual stresses. Because the tested material was duplex steel, the residual stress of ferrite along with the residual tension of austenite had to become measured sepa-Materials 2021, 14,six ofThe X-ray device PROTO iXRD COMBO (Proto Manufacturing Inc., Ontario, Canada) was utilised to measure the residual stresses. Because the tested material was duplex steel, the residual anxiety of ferrite along with the residual pressure of austenite had to be measured separately in every single region. The final value of the total residual tension for each and every measured point was then determined by utilizing the weighted arithmetic mean according to the relevant phase ratio. Ferritic locations have been measured having a chromium X-ray (YTX-465 custom synthesis voltage of 25 kV, existing of 4 mA, and wavelength of K = two.291 A) and austenitic regions having a manganese X-ray (voltage of 20 kV, present of 4 mA, and wavelength of K = two.103 A). The actual measurement of your residual stresses was PHA-543613 web performed inside the transverse path in the center on the testing sample towards the sides, as much as a distance of 16 mm (step 1 mm, i.e., 33 measured points). The percentage distribution of austenite/ferrite phases and also the grain size with the individual phases have been determined by the EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) system carried out around the scanning electron microscope (SEM) Tescan Mira three (Tescan Orsay holding a.s., Brno, Czech Republic). For this, EBSD analysis was applied with an Oxford symmetry detector (Oxford Instruments, High Wycombe, UK) with the following course of action parameters: higher voltage of HV = 15 kV, step size of 0.7 , and a scanned location with dimensions of 1500 1500 two . The heat treatment from the samples ahead of applying the temperature-stress cycle was performed inside the vacuum furnace Reetz (HTM Reetz GmbH, Berlin, Germany) at 550 C for two h. The heating rate of your sample was 1.5 C in-1 to a temperature of 250 C and four C in-1 for the temperature variety 250 as much as 550 C (700 C). The cooling price on the sample was the.