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(2021) 22:899 Sun et al. BMC Genomics doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08213-wRESEARCHOpen AccessTranscriptome comparative analysis of ovarian follicles reveals the essential genes and signaling pathways implicated in hen egg productionXue Sun1,2, Xiaoxia Chen1,two, Jinghua Zhao1,2, Chang Ma1,2, Chunchi Yan1,2, Simushi Liswaniso1,2, Rifu Xu1,two and Ning Qin1,2Abstract Background: Ovarian follicle development plays an important role in determination of poultry egg production. The follicles at the many developmental stages possess their very own distinct molecular genetic characteristics and have distinct biological roles in chicken ovary improvement and function. In the every stage, many genes of follicle-specific expression and biological pathways are involved within the vary-sized follicular development and physiological events. Identification of your pivotal genes and signaling pathways that handle the follicular improvement is helpful for understanding their TXA2/TP Compound precise regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms underlying egg-laying traits of laying hens. Benefits: The comparative mRNA transcriptomic evaluation of ovarian follicles at three essential developmental stages like slow growing white follicles (GWF), compact yellow follicles (SYF) of recruitment in to the hierarchy, and differentiated substantial yellow follicles (LYF), was accomplished inside the layers with reduce and greater egg production. Totally, 137, 447, and 229 of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 99, 97, and 157 of down-regulated DEGs inside the GWF, SYF and LYF follicles, including VIPR1, VIPR2, ADRB2, and HSD17B1 were identified, respectively. Additionally, NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 genes, two most promising candidates potentially associated with egg-laying overall performance have been screened out in the 13 co-expressed DEGs inside the GWF, SYF and LYF samples. We additional investigated the biological effects of NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 on ovarian follicular development and discovered that NDUFAB1 S1PR4 web promotes follicle improvement by stimulating granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and decreasing cell apoptosis, increases the expression of CCND1 and BCL-2 but attenuates the expression of caspase-3, and facilitates steroidogenesis by enhancing the expression of STAR and CYP11A1. In contrast, GABRA1 inhibits GC proliferation and stimulates cell apoptosis, decreases the expression of CCND1, BCL-2, STAR, and CYP11A1 but elevates the expression of caspase-3. Furthermore, the 3 crucial signaling pathways for example PPAR signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were significantly enriched, which may play critical roles in ovarian follicle development, differentiation, follicle selection, and maturation.Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Xue Sun and Xiaoxia Chen contributed equally to this work. two Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China Complete list of author data is readily available at the end in the articleThe Author(s) 2021. Open Access This short article is licensed beneath a Creative Commons Attribution four.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, so long as you give proper credit to the original author(s) as well as the supply, deliver a hyperlink towards the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if modifications were made. The images or