Ildren (Hewlett et al., 2002). Research on parenting stress and well-being provides impetus for public policies that address these issues. Future research should continue to focus on diversity in family forms and implications for well-being over the life course of parents and their children.AcknowledgmentsResearch for this article was supported in part by a grant from the National Cynaroside site Institute on Aging (RO1AGO26613, PI: Debra Umberson).
NIH Public AccessAuthor ManuscriptDev Psychopathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 August 06.Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2010 November ; 22(4): 717?35. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000416.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptSocial Competence, Externalizing, and Internalizing Behavioral Adjustment from Early Childhood through Early Adolescence: Developmental CascadesMarc H. Bornstein, Chun-Shin Hahn, and O. Maurice Haynes Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health ServiceAbstractThis study used a 3-wave longitudinal design to investigate developmental cascades among social competence and externalizing and internalizing behavioral adjustment in a normative sample of 117 children seen at 4, 10, and 14 years. Children, mothers, and teachers provided data. A series of nested path analysis models was used to determine the most parsimonious and plausible cascades across the three constructs over and above their covariation at each age and stability across age. Children with lower social competence at age 4 years exhibited more externalizing and internalizing behaviors at age 10 years and more externalizing behaviors at age 14 years. Children with lower social competence at age 4 years also exhibited more internalizing behaviors at age 10 years and more internalizing behaviors at age 14 years. Children who exhibited more internalizing behaviors at age 4 years exhibited more internalizing behaviors at age 10 years and more externalizing behaviors at age 14 years. These cascades among social competence and behavioral adjustment obtained independent of child intelligence and maternal education and social desirability of responding. Distinct domains of adaptive functioning are believed to relate meaningfully to one Luteolin 7-O-��-D-glucoside site another through the course of development (Burt, Obradovi, Long, Masten, 2008; Mesman, Bongers, Koot, 2001; Masten, Burt, Coatsworth, 2006; Masten et al., 2005; Rutter, Kim-Cohen, Maughan, 2006). Still, few studies have tested models of “spreading effects” with appropriately informative and conservative designs. The prospective longitudinal multimethod multi-informant study we report here focused principally on antecedent pathways to social competence and externalizing and internalizing behavioral adjustment in early adolescence from social competence and externalizing and internalizing behavioral adjustment in early childhood. Secondarily, the study assessed covariation and stability of individual variation in social competence and the two measures of behavioral adjustment in three waves across the same age range. Key research questions addressed in this study include: What are the interconnections among social competence and behavioral adjustments across early childhood to early adolescence? With which forms of behavioral adjustment is social competence associated? What are the adolescent behavioral adjustment outcomes for yo.Ildren (Hewlett et al., 2002). Research on parenting stress and well-being provides impetus for public policies that address these issues. Future research should continue to focus on diversity in family forms and implications for well-being over the life course of parents and their children.AcknowledgmentsResearch for this article was supported in part by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (RO1AGO26613, PI: Debra Umberson).
NIH Public AccessAuthor ManuscriptDev Psychopathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 August 06.Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2010 November ; 22(4): 717?35. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000416.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptSocial Competence, Externalizing, and Internalizing Behavioral Adjustment from Early Childhood through Early Adolescence: Developmental CascadesMarc H. Bornstein, Chun-Shin Hahn, and O. Maurice Haynes Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health ServiceAbstractThis study used a 3-wave longitudinal design to investigate developmental cascades among social competence and externalizing and internalizing behavioral adjustment in a normative sample of 117 children seen at 4, 10, and 14 years. Children, mothers, and teachers provided data. A series of nested path analysis models was used to determine the most parsimonious and plausible cascades across the three constructs over and above their covariation at each age and stability across age. Children with lower social competence at age 4 years exhibited more externalizing and internalizing behaviors at age 10 years and more externalizing behaviors at age 14 years. Children with lower social competence at age 4 years also exhibited more internalizing behaviors at age 10 years and more internalizing behaviors at age 14 years. Children who exhibited more internalizing behaviors at age 4 years exhibited more internalizing behaviors at age 10 years and more externalizing behaviors at age 14 years. These cascades among social competence and behavioral adjustment obtained independent of child intelligence and maternal education and social desirability of responding. Distinct domains of adaptive functioning are believed to relate meaningfully to one another through the course of development (Burt, Obradovi, Long, Masten, 2008; Mesman, Bongers, Koot, 2001; Masten, Burt, Coatsworth, 2006; Masten et al., 2005; Rutter, Kim-Cohen, Maughan, 2006). Still, few studies have tested models of “spreading effects” with appropriately informative and conservative designs. The prospective longitudinal multimethod multi-informant study we report here focused principally on antecedent pathways to social competence and externalizing and internalizing behavioral adjustment in early adolescence from social competence and externalizing and internalizing behavioral adjustment in early childhood. Secondarily, the study assessed covariation and stability of individual variation in social competence and the two measures of behavioral adjustment in three waves across the same age range. Key research questions addressed in this study include: What are the interconnections among social competence and behavioral adjustments across early childhood to early adolescence? With which forms of behavioral adjustment is social competence associated? What are the adolescent behavioral adjustment outcomes for yo.